JSP Implicit Objects are the Java objects that the JSP Container
makes available to developers in each page and developer can call them
directly without being explicitly declared. JSP Implicit Objects are
also called pre-defined variables.
JSP supports nine Implicit Objects which are listed below:
The request object provides methods to get HTTP header information including form data, cookies, HTTP methods etc.
We would see complete set of methods associated with request object in coming chapter: JSP - Client Request.
The response object also defines the interfaces that deal with creating new HTTP headers. Through this object the JSP programmer can add new cookies or date stamps, HTTP status codes etc.
We would see complete set of methods associated with response object in coming chapter: JSP - Server Response.
The initial JspWriter object is instantiated differently depending on whether the page is buffered or not. Buffering can be easily turned off by using the buffered='false' attribute of the page directive.
The JspWriter object contains most of the same methods as the java.io.PrintWriter class. However, JspWriter has some additional methods designed to deal with buffering. Unlike the PrintWriter object, JspWriter throws IOExceptions.
Following are the important methods which we would use to write boolean char, int, double, object, String etc.
The session object is used to track client session between client requests. We would see complete usage of session object in coming chapter: JSP - Session Tracking.
This object is a representation of the JSP page through its entire lifecycle. This object is created when the JSP page is initialized and will be removed when the JSP page is removed by the jspDestroy() method.
By adding an attribute to application, you can ensure that all JSP files that make up your web application have access to it.
You can check a simple use of Application Object in chapter: JSP - Hits Counter
This object allows the JSP programmer access to the Servlet or JSP engine initialization parameters such as the paths or file locations etc.
The following config method is the only one you might ever use, and its usage is trivial:
JSP supports nine Implicit Objects which are listed below:
Object | Description |
---|---|
request | This is the HttpServletRequest object associated with the request. |
response | This is the HttpServletResponse object associated with the response to the client. |
out | This is the PrintWriter object used to send output to the client. |
session | This is the HttpSession object associated with the request. |
application | This is the ServletContext object associated with application context. |
config | This is the ServletConfig object associated with the page. |
pageContext | This encapsulates use of server-specific features like higher performance JspWriters. |
page | This is simply a synonym for this, and is used to call the methods defined by the translated servlet class. |
Exception | The Exception object allows the exception data to be accessed by designated JSP. |
The request Object:
The request object is an instance of a javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest object. Each time a client requests a page the JSP engine creates a new object to represent that request.The request object provides methods to get HTTP header information including form data, cookies, HTTP methods etc.
We would see complete set of methods associated with request object in coming chapter: JSP - Client Request.
The response Object:
The response object is an instance of a javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse object. Just as the server creates the request object, it also creates an object to represent the response to the client.The response object also defines the interfaces that deal with creating new HTTP headers. Through this object the JSP programmer can add new cookies or date stamps, HTTP status codes etc.
We would see complete set of methods associated with response object in coming chapter: JSP - Server Response.
The out Object:
The out implicit object is an instance of a javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter object and is used to send content in a response.The initial JspWriter object is instantiated differently depending on whether the page is buffered or not. Buffering can be easily turned off by using the buffered='false' attribute of the page directive.
The JspWriter object contains most of the same methods as the java.io.PrintWriter class. However, JspWriter has some additional methods designed to deal with buffering. Unlike the PrintWriter object, JspWriter throws IOExceptions.
Following are the important methods which we would use to write boolean char, int, double, object, String etc.
Method | Description |
---|---|
out.print(dataType dt) | Print a data type value |
out.println(dataType dt) | Print a data type value then terminate the line with new line character. |
out.flush() | Flush the stream. |
The session Object:
The session object is an instance of javax.servlet.http.HttpSession and behaves exactly the same way that session objects behave under Java Servlets.The session object is used to track client session between client requests. We would see complete usage of session object in coming chapter: JSP - Session Tracking.
The application Object:
The application object is direct wrapper around the ServletContext object for the generated Servlet and in reality an instance of a javax.servlet.ServletContext object.This object is a representation of the JSP page through its entire lifecycle. This object is created when the JSP page is initialized and will be removed when the JSP page is removed by the jspDestroy() method.
By adding an attribute to application, you can ensure that all JSP files that make up your web application have access to it.
You can check a simple use of Application Object in chapter: JSP - Hits Counter
The config Object:
The config object is an instantiation of javax.servlet.ServletConfig and is a direct wrapper around the ServletConfig object for the generated servlet.This object allows the JSP programmer access to the Servlet or JSP engine initialization parameters such as the paths or file locations etc.
The following config method is the only one you might ever use, and its usage is trivial:
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